Top 10 Countries With The Longest And Shortest National Anthem
National anthems serve as a musical emblem of a nation's identity, resonating with its history, culture, and struggles. These patriotic songs are sung with fervour, evoking a sense of pride and unity among citizens. Typically, national anthems are played during significant events like independence celebrations, cultural festivals, and international sports competitions, where they symbolize a country's presence and honour.
In many countries, children sing the national anthem at school assemblies, fostering a sense of respect and patriotism from a young age. Each nation has its unique traditions regarding the anthem; for example, in India, it is played in movie theatres before a film, while in some countries like Colombia and China, it is broadcast on TV and radio at various times.
The significance of national anthems extends beyond mere musical composition. They are played on national broadcasts to instil patriotism, unity, and pride among citizens. The playing of the anthem at government events and award ceremonies reinforces the sense of national identity and achievement.
The concept of national anthems gained prominence in the 19th century, with many newly independent states adopting them as symbols of their sovereignty. Remarkably, the Netherlands boasts the oldest national anthem, "Wilhelmus," written during the Dutch Revolt in the late 16th century. Similarly, Japan's anthem, "Kimigayo," features some of the oldest lyrics, dating back to the Heian period (794–1185 AD).
The writers of national anthems vary in fame and recognition. While some, like Rabindranath Tagore, who penned the anthems of Bangladesh and India, are celebrated Nobel laureates, others remain unknown, such as the author of the British anthem, "God Save the Queen."
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National anthems embody a country's history, culture, and aspirations, serving as potent symbols of national identity and unity.
Top 10 Longest National Anthem
- Greece
- Uruguay
- Bangladesh
- Sri Lanka
- South Africa
- Zimbabwe
- West Indies
- Pakistan
- Ireland
- Spain
1. Greek
The Greek national anthem holds the distinction of being the longest in the world, with 158 verses penned by Dionysios Solomos in 1823. This anthem, known as "Hymn to Liberty," commemorates Greece's struggle for independence from the Ottoman Empire, reflecting the nation's arduous path to freedom. The music for the anthem was composed by Nikolaos Mantzaros in 1865.
Due to its extensive length, the Greek government decided in 1865 to officially adopt only the first two stanzas of the anthem. The anthem's significance extends beyond Greece's borders; Cyprus, experiencing unrest in 1966, decided to adopt the Greek national anthem as a show of solidarity.
Greece's historical role as the birthplace of the Olympic Games adds another layer of significance to its national anthem. During the closing ceremonies of the Olympic Games, the Greek national anthem is played, paying tribute to Greece's cultural and historical contributions to the world.
2. Uruguay
The national anthem of Uruguay, composed by Francisco Acuna de Figueroa in 1833, stands out for its length, consisting of 150 bars of music. Unlike Greece, which uses a shorter version of its anthem, Uruguay has retained the entirety of its anthem, making it the longest in duration, requiring approximately 6 minutes to be sung. This decision was made on July 8, 1833, marking the poem's official designation as the national anthem.
The musical arrangement for the anthem was developed by Fernando Quijano and Francisco Jose Debali, and it was officially accepted on July 25, 1848. Francisco Acuna de Figueroa's contributions to national anthems extended beyond Uruguay; he also composed the national anthem of Paraguay.
3. Bangladesh
The Bangladesh national anthem holds a special place among Bengalis, lasting a powerful 2 minutes and 45 seconds. While its impact may be lost on those unfamiliar with the language, Bengalis on both sides of the border are deeply moved by its melody. This anthem symbolizes Bangladesh's remarkable progress in cricket, from their historic victory over England in the 2011 World Cup to their qualification for the 2015 quarter-finals and their impressive performance in the Asia Cup.
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Despite some instances of premature celebration, such as the aforementioned match, Bangladesh's cricket journey serves as a testament to their resilience and determination, inspiring their fans and players alike.
4. Sri Lanka
The national anthem of Sri Lanka, "Sri Lanka Matha," is an intriguing piece with a lesser-known origin. Its composer, Ananda Samarakoon, was a student of Rabindranath Tagore at Shantiniketan. It's believed that Tagore had a significant influence on both the lyrics and the melody of the anthem. Interestingly, the anthem's opening bears a resemblance to the "Uchhala Jaladhi Taranga" part of India's national anthem.
What sets "Sri Lanka Matha" apart is its official versions in two languages: Sinhalese and Tamil. The Tamil version is used in some northern regions of the island. This inclusive approach reflects Sri Lanka's diverse cultural heritage and the anthem's significance in unifying the nation.
5. South Africa
South Africa's national anthem is a truly unique and diverse composition, as it is sung in five different languages to represent the country's various cultural groups. "God Bless Africa" is not only inspiring to South Africans but also resonates with spectators from other nations. Despite its length, the anthem, which ranks third in terms of duration, seamlessly combines two different songs and even shifts melodies midway, concluding in a different key.
This anthem's complexity might lead one to believe that it's challenging to sing without instrumental support. However, during a technical glitch at the Kotla stadium, when the South African anthem was abruptly stopped during a 2011 Cricket World Cup group match, Graeme Smith and his team, along with a section of touring fans, managed to sing it perfectly, showcasing their resilience and unity.
6. West Indies
The West Indies, though not a country but a cricketing body representing several Caribbean nations, have an anthem called "Rally Round the West Indies." This upbeat anthem reflects the vibrant spirit of the Caribbean and lasts about a minute and 45 seconds. However, it includes some references to the retirement of past cricketing legends and the changing dynamics of the game. The anthem's creation for a sports entity like the West Indies cricket team is a unique aspect, highlighting the region's deep connection to cricket and its cultural significance.
7. Pakistan
Pakistan's national anthem, "Qaumi Tarana," is renowned for its melodious and harmonious composition, lasting nearly a minute and a half. The anthem holds significant importance, especially during cricket matches between India and Pakistan, where both anthems are integral parts of the pre-match celebrations, often attended by dignitaries from both nations.
A memorable instance was witnessed in Mohali in 2011, during a World Cup encounter, where Pakistan Prime Minister Gilani, coach Waqar Younis, and captain Afridi were seen humming the anthem before a highly anticipated match. Another notable moment was the India-Pakistan match at Eden Gardens, where Indian megastar Amitabh Bachchan and classical singer Shafaqat Amanat Ali rendered their respective national anthems, adding to the event's grandeur and significance.
8. Zimbabwe
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Zimbabwe's national anthem, "Lift High Zimbabwe's Banner," is similar in length to New Zealand's, running for just over a minute, depending on the version sung. The anthem is notable for being sung in all three of Zimbabwe's main languages: Shona, Ndebele, and English, reflecting the country's cultural diversity. In recent years, amid growing resistance to the Mugabe regime, the anthem has emerged as a symbol of unity for the nation.
During a Test match between Zimbabwe and New Zealand, protestors in the stadium stood up during the 36th over of the day, singing the national anthem and waving flags. This demonstration showcased the anthem's significance as a unifying force for the Zimbabwean people in their struggle for change.
9. Ireland
The Irish national anthem, "Amhrán na bhFiann" or "The Soldier's Song," is one of the longest in terms of duration. It has both Irish and English versions, reflecting the country's bilingual nature. The anthem holds cultural and historical significance, often stirring emotions among the Irish people. Sung with pride at sporting events and national celebrations, "Amhrán na bhFiann" embodies the spirit of Ireland's struggle for independence and its rich heritage.
10. Spain
The Spanish national anthem, "Marcha Real," stands out as one of the oldest national anthems, known for its length compared to others. Despite being one of the oldest, it does not have official lyrics, making it one of the few purely instrumental national anthems in the world. "Marcha Real" holds a unique place in Spanish culture, often performed at official events and ceremonies. Its regal and stirring melody reflects Spain's rich history and cultural heritage, evoking a sense of pride and unity among the Spanish people.
Top 10 Shortest National Anthems
- Japan
- Uganda
- Australia
- United Kingdom
- Canada
- France
- Germany
- Russia
- Italy
- China
1. Japan
The Japanese national anthem, "Kimigayo," is one of the shortest in the world, comprising only 11 lines of text. Its brevity is matched by its deep cultural significance, as it reflects themes of gratitude for the emperor and wishes for his reign to last for a thousand generations. Sung at official events and ceremonies, "Kimigayo" is a symbol of Japan's rich cultural heritage and traditions.
2. Uganda
Uganda's national anthem, "Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty," is concise, consisting of only 8 lines. Despite its brevity, the anthem celebrates Uganda's natural beauty, diversity, and the spirit of its people. It serves as a unifying symbol for the nation, evoking patriotism and pride among Ugandans.
3. Australia
"Advance Australia Fair," Australia's national anthem, is relatively short, with only 4 lines in each verse. Its lyrics celebrate Australia's natural beauty, achievements, and spirit of unity. Sung with pride at national events and gatherings, the anthem reflects Australia's values and aspirations.
4. United Kingdom
The British national anthem, "God Save the Queen," is short, especially when only the first verse is sung. Despite its brevity, the anthem is a powerful symbol of loyalty and patriotism, often sung at official events and ceremonies.
5. Canada
"O Canada," the national anthem of Canada, is short and easy to sing, with only 4 lines in each verse. Its lyrics celebrate Canada's natural beauty, cultural heritage, and values of freedom and diversity. Sung with pride by Canadians across the country, the anthem is a symbol of national identity and unity.
6. France
The French national anthem, "La Marseillaise," is relatively short, with only 7 lines in each verse. Despite its brevity, the anthem is a powerful and stirring ode to liberty, reflecting the spirit of the French Revolution. Sung with passion and pride, "La Marseillaise" is a symbol of France's revolutionary past and its commitment to freedom and equality.
7. Germany
"Deutschlandlied," the German national anthem, is short, especially when only the third stanza is sung. Its lyrics express a sense of unity, freedom, and justice, reflecting Germany's tumultuous history and aspirations for the future. Sung with reverence and pride, the anthem is a symbol of German identity and resilience.
8. Russia
The Russian national anthem, "Gosudarstvenny gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii," is short, with only 12 lines in each verse. Its lyrics celebrate Russia's rich history, culture, and achievements, reflecting the pride and patriotism of the Russian people. Sung at official events and ceremonies, the anthem is a powerful symbol of Russian identity and unity.
9. Italy
The Italian national anthem, "Il Canto degli Italiani," is short and powerful, with only 5 lines in each verse. Its lyrics express a sense of patriotism, unity, and determination, reflecting Italy's struggle for independence and unification. Sung with passion and pride, the anthem is a symbol of Italy's rich cultural heritage and its people's enduring spirit.
10. China
"March of the Volunteers," the national anthem of China, is short, with only 4 lines in each verse. Its lyrics celebrate the spirit of the Chinese people, their resilience, and their commitment to freedom and independence. Sung with pride and determination, the anthem is a symbol of China's rich history, culture, and aspirations for the future.
