Explanation

(a) Difference between subsistence agriculture and commercial agriculture

Subsistence Agriculture

• Production is mainly for family consumption
• Less capital is required
• Uses family labour/unskilled labour
• Use of local breeds of animals
• Use of local crop varieties
• Hardly use agro-chemicals/Cultural methods are used to control pests and diseases
• Records are rarely kept Use of primitive/local tools
• Poor housing facilities for rearing animals
• Peasant farmers are involved
• Doer not require improved processing facilities
• Does not involve any marketing Uses crude storage facilities
• Yield per unit area is low
• Food crops are produced
• Small area of land is cultivated
• Use of inorganic fertilizers is limited

Commercial Agriculture

• Production is mainly for sale
• Huge amount of capital is required
• Skilled/hired labour is employed
• Use of exotic/improved breeds of animals
• Use of improved crop varieties
• Mostly use agro-chemicals
• Records are kept Mechanized/use of machines
• Modern housing facilities for rearing animals
• Farmers involved may be rich
• Requires improved processing facilities
• Requires organised market Uses modern storage facilities
• Yield per unit area is high
• Cash crops are produced
• Large area of land may be cultivated
• Frequent use of inorganic fertilizers

(b) Advantages and Disadvantages of sources of farm power

(i) Wind :

Advantages

- Running cost is low

- Wind is safe to use

-Wind is a renewable source of energy

- Wind power is environmentally friendly

Disadvantages

-Wind energy converters work only during windy period and as such lie idle during less windy months/ Excessive variation in wind regimes can adversely affect the cost effectiveness of wind energy

-Too weak a wind force cannot be used for any work Success in exploitation of wind energy highly depends

on the specific site

- Wind mills occupy a large portion of land

- Requires high technical expertise

- Initial cost may be high

(ii) Internal Combustion Engine:

Advantages

- It is versatile/can be used for many farm operations

- Efficient source of power

-Not weather dependent

Disadvantages

-A high capital investment is required

- It requires specialized skills in its operation and maintenance

- In developing countries, there is inadequate spare parts for machines

-It contributes to the degradation of the environment/ It Exhaust gases pollute the environment

-Use is subject to to vagaries of fuel shortage

(iii) Electricity

Advantages:

-A very efficient source of farm Power

-it is versatile, with many valued uses

- It is a clean source of power •

-A large amount of energy can be supplied

- It is a fairly reliable source of farm Power

Disadvantages

-High capital outlay to set up

- Very dangerous to operate

- In developing countries, supply cannot be guaranteed at all time

-Needs technical know-how '

-Maintenance cost is high

Explanation

(a)Explanation of terms used in animal production

(i)Malnutrition

Malnutrition is a condition that results when an animal is fed on a diet that is deficient in quantity and quality of the essential nutrients in the right proportion.

(ii)Weaning

Weaning is the process whereby young animals are removed from their mothers and fed with feed that is different from their mother’s milk.

(iii)Heat period

It is the period during which the female animal is ready and willing to receive the male animal for mating.

(iv)Candling

This is the process of identifying and separating fertile eggs from non-fertile ones by the use of light.

(b)Distinction between maintenance ration and production ration

Maintenance ration is the amount of feed given to farm animals to keep their live-weight constant.

Whereas

Production ration is the ration that is supplied over and above that required for maintenance for production purpose.

(c) Effects of malnutrition on farm animals

• Slow or retarded growth
• Low production e.g. reduced egg production, decrease in milk yield
• High susceptibility to diseases
• High morbidity rate among older animals
• Physical deformities e.g. rickets, osteomalacia
• Loss in weight/emaciation

(d)Effects of deforestation

• Increases soil erosion
• Destruction of hydrological cycle
• Low soil nutrients
• Loss of soil organic matter
• Leaching
• Reduction in soil microbial activities
• Permanent destruction of indigenous forests
• Desert encroachment/desertification
• Loss of biodiversity/imbalance in the ecosystem
• Destruction of hydrological cycle
• Increase in atmospheric carbon(IV)oxide concentration
• Destruction of micro climate/increased environmental temperature
• Reduces wildlife population in the area

Correct Answer: D. could lead to soil erosion

Explanation

No explanation is available for this question at this moment. If you can provide an explanation to help other student learn, please click on the post explanation link below.

Correct Answer: D. are determined to give meaning to their life

Explanation

No explanation is available for this question at this moment. If you can provide an explanation to help other student learn, please click on the post explanation link below.

Correct Answer: A. Play: Script

Explanation

No explanation is available for this question at this moment. If you can provide an explanation to help other student learn, please click on the post explanation link below.

Correct Answer: C. Bread

Explanation

No explanation is available for this question at this moment. If you can provide an explanation to help other student learn, please click on the post explanation link below.

Correct Answer: A. All of the above

Explanation

Disseminating information to farmers involves utilizing various methods to reach them effectively. Social media campaigns, such as through platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp, have become increasingly popular for sharing agricultural knowledge, news, and updates. Radio broadcasts, especially in rural areas, serve as an important means of reaching farmers with relevant agricultural information.

Correct Answer: C. (6x² + 3) cos (2x³ + 3x - 4)

Explanation

No explanation is available for this question at this moment. If you can provide an explanation to help other student learn, please click on the post explanation link below.

Correct Answer: C. Possession of teeths

Explanation

No explanation is available for this question at this moment. If you can provide an explanation to help other student learn, please click on the post explanation link below.

Correct Answer: C. a stiff-necked people

Explanation

No explanation is available for this question at this moment. If you can provide an explanation to help other student learn, please click on the post explanation link below.