Correct Answer: C. nitrification

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Correct Answer: D. reduce losses due to natural disasters

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Correct Answer: B. vitamin E

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Correct Answer: B. cowpea

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Correct Answer: D. structure of the soil

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Explanation

(a) Difference between subsistence agriculture and commercial agriculture

Subsistence Agriculture

• Production is mainly for family consumption
• Less capital is required
• Uses family labour/unskilled labour
• Use of local breeds of animals
• Use of local crop varieties
• Hardly use agro-chemicals/Cultural methods are used to control pests and diseases
• Records are rarely kept Use of primitive/local tools
• Poor housing facilities for rearing animals
• Peasant farmers are involved
• Doer not require improved processing facilities
• Does not involve any marketing Uses crude storage facilities
• Yield per unit area is low
• Food crops are produced
• Small area of land is cultivated
• Use of inorganic fertilizers is limited

Commercial Agriculture

• Production is mainly for sale
• Huge amount of capital is required
• Skilled/hired labour is employed
• Use of exotic/improved breeds of animals
• Use of improved crop varieties
• Mostly use agro-chemicals
• Records are kept Mechanized/use of machines
• Modern housing facilities for rearing animals
• Farmers involved may be rich
• Requires improved processing facilities
• Requires organised market Uses modern storage facilities
• Yield per unit area is high
• Cash crops are produced
• Large area of land may be cultivated
• Frequent use of inorganic fertilizers

(b) Advantages and Disadvantages of sources of farm power

(i) Wind :

Advantages

- Running cost is low

- Wind is safe to use

-Wind is a renewable source of energy

- Wind power is environmentally friendly

Disadvantages

-Wind energy converters work only during windy period and as such lie idle during less windy months/ Excessive variation in wind regimes can adversely affect the cost effectiveness of wind energy

-Too weak a wind force cannot be used for any work Success in exploitation of wind energy highly depends

on the specific site

- Wind mills occupy a large portion of land

- Requires high technical expertise

- Initial cost may be high

(ii) Internal Combustion Engine:

Advantages

- It is versatile/can be used for many farm operations

- Efficient source of power

-Not weather dependent

Disadvantages

-A high capital investment is required

- It requires specialized skills in its operation and maintenance

- In developing countries, there is inadequate spare parts for machines

-It contributes to the degradation of the environment/ It Exhaust gases pollute the environment

-Use is subject to to vagaries of fuel shortage

(iii) Electricity

Advantages:

-A very efficient source of farm Power

-it is versatile, with many valued uses

- It is a clean source of power •

-A large amount of energy can be supplied

- It is a fairly reliable source of farm Power

Disadvantages

-High capital outlay to set up

- Very dangerous to operate

- In developing countries, supply cannot be guaranteed at all time

-Needs technical know-how '

-Maintenance cost is high

Explanation

- Encourage enterprising farmers to acquire land for agriculture.

- Ensure proper use of agricultural land

- Prevent land fragmentation which discourages large-scale farming

- Safeguard farmers against unreasonable eviction and land grabbing

- Facilitate government programmes/ schemes like Green Revolution which requires large expanse of farm land

- Reduce, litigation on lands/land disputes

- Encourage the production of certain farm o produce

- Facilitate land improvement programmes like irrigation, drainage, dams

- Encourage commercial agriculture

- Encourage the acquisition of certificate of occupancy (C of O) title/security of tenure

(b) A cocoa farmer has just acquired 10 hectares of farmland and is considering the type of farm power to use for tillage operations.

(i)Most appropriate type of farm power to use for tillage operations on the cocoa farmland- Mechanical power

(ii)Reasons for using mechanical power on the cocoa farmland

- Saves labour/makes labour available for other farm operations

- Reduces drudgery/makes tillage operation less tedious

- Saves time/timeliness of tillage operations/faster

- Reduces the cost of operation/cost effective

- Reduces health hazards

- Makes it possible to cultivate large hectares of farmland

- More efficient

(c) Functions of the following parts of a seed planter

(i) Seed tube - Directs seeds from the base of the hopper into the soil

(ii) Furrow opener -Digs hole in front of the seed drill into which the seeds drop

(iii) Hopper - Contains/keeps the seeds to be planted

(iv) Seed metering device - Regulates the dropping of seeds from the seed box/hopper into the seed tube

(v) Furrow wheel -Presses the soil to cover the seeds dropped in the hole

(d) Machines used in processing crops after harvesting

-Thresher -Combine harvester -Sheller

-Grinder -Grain dryer -juice extractor

-mixer -Press/Hydraulic -rice huller

-Palm kernel cracker -milk/hammer mill -bailer

-Rice polisher -decorticator -ring macerator

-Straw Chopper -grater - Sterilizer

-Winnowing machine -Blender

Correct Answer: D. 100cm³

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Correct Answer: C. crop rotation

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Correct Answer: D. I

Explanation

I is the cheapest because it uses crude tool