(a)(i) What is meant by resonance? (ii) Outline the necessary steps taken in a simple...
(a)(i) What is meant by resonance?
(ii) Outline the necessary steps taken in a simple experiment to illustrate top resonance
(iii) Explain why a vibrating tuning fork sounds louder when its stem is pressed against a table top than when held in air.
(b) Explain with the aid of diagrams, how a concave mirror could be used to: (i) Ignite a piece of carbon paper; (ii) produce an exact copy of a picture on a screen.
Explanation
(a) Resonance occurs when one vibrating body sets other body into vibration at its own natural frequency as a result of impulse received from the first body. (ii) Simple experiment to illustrate resonance.
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The apparatus is arranged as shown. A cylinder is 3/4 filled with water and a tube is dipped into the water so that the length I can be varied. A tuning fork f is set vibrating just above the tube but not touching it. As the fork is set vibrating the length I is gradually increased. A point is reached when a large sound is heard. At this point resonance has occurred because the vibrating tuning fork has set the air in the tube vibrating at its own frequency.
(b)
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Parallel light rays are reflected by a concave mirror on a piece of carbon paper. The converging of the rays on the carbon paper will cause it to ignite.
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The object O is kept on the centre of curvature of a concave mirror. An exact but inverted image I is formed at the centre of curvature where the screen should be placed.
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