(a) Define ionization potential. (b)(i) State the three types of emission spectra. (ii) Name one...

Explanation

a) Ionization potential V is the potential energy required to remove an electron from an atom completely to infinity from ground state.

(b)(i) The three types of emission are

- band spectrum

- continuous spectrum and

- line spectrum.

(ii) Sources of each emmision spectrum are:

- Band spectrum

- from molecules or carbon(IV) oxides in a discharge tube.

- Continuous spectrum

- from sun, solids and liquids.

- Line spectrum

- from atoms in gases such as hydrogen or neon in a discharge tube.

(c)(i) eV =\(\frac{1}{2} mV^2\)

v = \(\sqrt{\frac{2 \times 1.6 \times 10^{-19} \times 80 \times 10^3}{9.1 \times 10^{-31}}}\)

= \(\sqrt{2.81 \times 10^{16}}\)

= 1.68 x 10\(^8 ms^{-1}\)

(ii) \(\pi = \frac{h}{mv} = \frac{6.6 \times 10^{-31}}{9.1 \times 10^{-31} \times 1.68 \times 10^8}\)

= 4.32 x 10\(^{-12}\)m

(d) hf = \(\frac{1}{2}mv^2\)

6.6 x 10\(^{-34} \times 4.5 \times 10^{18}\)

= \(\frac{1}{2} \times 9.1 \times 10^{-31} \times v^2\)

\(v^2 = \frac{2.97 \times 10^{-15}}{4.55 \times 10^{-3}}\)

\(v^2 = \sqrt{6.53 \times 10^{15}}\)

= 8.08 x 10\(^7 ms^{-1}\)